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The main etiological agents of cryptococcosis are the two sibling species<jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:italic>that present numerous differences in geographical distribution, ecological niches, epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical presentation and molecular characters. Genotyping of the two<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>species at subspecies level supplies relevant information to understand how this fungus has spread worldwide, the nature of its population structure, and how it evolved to be a deadly pathogen. At present, nine major molecular types have been recognized: VNI, VNII, VNB, VNIII, and VNIV among<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>isolates, and VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV among<jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>isolates. In this paper all the information available in the literature concerning the isolation of the two<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>species has been collected and analyzed on the basis of their geographical origin, source of isolation, level of identification, species, and molecular type. A detailed analysis of the geographical distribution of the major molecular types in each continent has been described and represented on thematic maps. This study represents a useful tool to start new epidemiological surveys on the basis of the present knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/675213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T23:58:57Z","timestamp":1357775937000},"page":"1-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Global Molecular Epidemiology of<i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>and<i>Cryptococcus gattii<\/i>: An Atlas of the Molecular Types"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-4817","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Massimo","family":"Cogliati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab. 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