{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:36:13Z","timestamp":1789536973432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Enteric fever is a global health problem, and rapidly developing resistance to various drugs makes the situation more alarming. The potential use of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>to control typhoid fever represents a promising approach, as it may exert protective actions through various mechanisms.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. In this study, the probiotic potential and antagonistic activities of 32<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates against<jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of cell free supernatants of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates, interference of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates with the<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>adherence and invasion, cytoprotective effect of<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates, and possibility of concurrent use of tested<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates and antibiotics were evaluated by testing their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents, and their oxygen tolerance was also examined.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The results revealed that twelve<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates could protect against<jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>infection through interference with both its growth and its virulence properties, such as adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity. These<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>isolates exhibited MIC values for ciprofloxacin higher than those of<jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>and oxygen tolerance and were identified as<jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The tested<jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>isolates can be introduced as potential novel candidates that have to be subjected for<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and application studies for treatment and control of typhoid fever.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/680605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,29]],"date-time":"2013-09-29T21:01:34Z","timestamp":1380488494000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Antagonistic Activity of<i>Lactobacillus<\/i>Isolates against<i>Salmonella typhi In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"Abdel-Daim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern Sciences and Arts University, Cairo 12611, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Hassouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & 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