{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T13:17:04Z","timestamp":1774790224386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Demyelination is one of the pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, no therapy is available which directly potentiates endogenous remyelination. Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a member of the gp130 family of cytokines, is upregulated in MS lesions. Systemic IL-11 treatment was shown to ameliorate clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. IL-11 modulates immune cells and protects oligodendrocytes<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In this study, the cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model was used to elucidate effects of IL-11 on de- and remyelination, independent of the immune response. Prophylactic-lentiviral- (LV-) mediated overexpression of IL-11 in mouse brain significantly limited acute demyelination, which was accompanied with the preservation of CC1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and a decrease in microglial activation (Mac-2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>). We further demonstrated that IL-11 directly reduces myelin phagocytosis<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. When IL-11 expressing LV was therapeutically applied in animals with extensive demyelination, a significant enhancement of remyelination was observed as demonstrated by Luxol Fast Blue staining and electron microscopy imaging. Our results indicate that IL-11 promotes maturation of NG2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>OPCs into myelinating CC1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>OLs and may thus explain the enhanced remyelination. Overall, we demonstrate that IL-11 is of therapeutic interest for MS and other demyelinating diseases by limiting demyelination and promoting remyelination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/685317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T21:16:05Z","timestamp":1369948565000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Local Overexpression of Interleukin-11 in the Central Nervous System Limits Demyelination and Enhances Remyelination"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Anurag","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University and Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University and Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Bogie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University and Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Van Den Haute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Struys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University and Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Lambrichts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University and Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Baekelandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piet","family":"Stinissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University and Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome J. 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