{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:02:28Z","timestamp":1791255748197,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The discovery of monogenic forms of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) associated with mutations within<jats:italic>PSEN1, PSEN2,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>APP<\/jats:italic>genes is giving a big contribution in the understanding of the underpinning mechanisms of this complex disorder. Compared with sporadic form, the phenotype associated with monogenic cases is somewhat broader including behavioural disturbances, epilepsy, myoclonus, and focal presentations. Structural and functional imaging show typical early changes also in presymptomatic monogenic carriers. Amyloid imaging and CSF tau\/A<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>ratio may be useful in the differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative dementias, especially, in early onset cases. However, to date any specific biomarkers of different monogenic cases have been identified. Thus, in clinical practice, the early identification is often difficult, but the copresence of different elements could help in recognition. This review will focus on the clinical and instrumental markers useful for the very early identification of AD monogenic cases, pivotal in the development, and evaluation of disease-modifying therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/689591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T23:02:17Z","timestamp":1385593337000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Clinical, Biological, and Imaging Features of Monogenic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-6606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Neurologica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Pza Spedali Civili, 1-25100 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Neurologica, 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