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The ethanol extract of the inner bark of <jats:italic>Caesalpinia pyramidalis<\/jats:italic> (Tul.) (EECp) possesses anti\u2010inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities as previously showed by our group. We have investigated the effect of EECp on the cyclophosphamide\u2010induced HC. Cystitis was induced in male Wistar rats by the injection of cyclophosphamide. These animals were pretreated with EECp (100\u2013400\u2009mg\/kg), vehicle, or mesna.  Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde formation were measured in urinary bladder and other tissues. Bladder edema and histopathological alterations and serum nitric oxide metabolites concentration  were also evaluated. Treatment with EECp (100\u2013400\u2009mg\/kg) or mesna impaired the increase of myeloperoxidase activity in urinary bladder and the serum  induced by cyclophosphamide but did not reduce edema in this tissue, as did mesna. Total histological score was reduced by EECp (100\u2009mg\/kg). Lung myeloperoxidase activity, which was increased by cyclophosphamide, was decreased significantly by EECp (400\u2009mg\/kg). EECp also diminished the malondialdehyde formation in bladder, lung, and spleen, although these parameters were not affected by cyclophosphamide. These results indicate that EECp reduced urinary bladder damage during cyclophosphamide\u2010induced HC in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/694010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T21:58:48Z","timestamp":1384984728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Ethanol Extract of the Inner Bark of <i>Caesalpinia pyramidalis<\/i> (Tul.) 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