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This study aimed to detect circulatory variations of corticosterone and cytokines levels in Wistar rats, after 21 days of DBS-at the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl), unilateral cervical vagotomy (UCVgX), or UCVgX plus DBS. We included the respective control (C) and sham (S) groups (n<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>6<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>rats per group). DBS treated rats had higher levels of TNF-\u03b1<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>(120%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and IFN-\u03b3<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>(305%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) but lower corticosterone concentration (48%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) than C and S. UCVgX animals showed increased corticosterone levels (154%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) versus C and S. UCVgX plus DBS increased IL-1\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>(402%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), IL-6 (160%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and corsticosterone (178%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>versus 48%;P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) compared with the C and S groups. Chronic DBS at VMHvl induced a systemic inflammatory response accompanied by a decrease of HPA axis function. UCVgX rats experienced HPA axis hyperactivity as result of vagus nerve injury; however, DBS was unable to block the HPA axis hyperactivity induced by unilateral cervical vagotomy. Further studies are necessary to explore these findings and their clinical implication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/698634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T22:30:22Z","timestamp":1382567422000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hypothalamic Nucleus in Wistar Rats Alters Circulatory Levels of Corticosterone and Proinflammatory Cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Calleja-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery \u201cManuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, DF, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dora Luz","family":"De La Cruz-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery \u201cManuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, DF, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Manjarrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reticular Formation Physiology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery \u201cManuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, DF, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Velasco-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, P.O. 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