{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T01:36:41Z","timestamp":1784425001862,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NC Biotech Center Grant"},{"name":"Charlotte-Mecklenburg Education and Research Foundation Grant"},{"name":"Mecklenburg County Medical Society Smith Arthritis Fund Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phosphocitrate (PC) inhibited meniscal calcification and the development of calcium crystal-associated osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. However, the mechanisms remain elusive. This study sought to examine the biological activities of PC in the absence of calcium crystals and test the hypothesis that PC is potentially a meniscal protective agent. We found that PC downregulated the expression of many genes classified in cell proliferation, ossification, prostaglandin metabolic process, and wound healing, including bloom syndrome RecQ helicase-like, cell division cycle 7 homolog, cell division cycle 25 homolog C, ankylosis progressive homolog, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases-1\/cyclooxygenase-1, and plasminogen activator urokinase receptor. In contrast, PC stimulated the expression of many genes classified in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway, collagen fibril organization, and extracellular structure organization, including fibroblast growth factor 7, collagen type I, alpha 1, and collagen type XI, alpha 1. Consistent with its effect on the expression of genes classified in cell proliferation, collagen fibril organization, and ossification, PC inhibited the proliferation of OA meniscal cells and meniscal cell-mediated calcification while stimulating the production of collagens. These findings indicate that PC is potentially a meniscal-protective agent and a disease-modifying drug for arthritis associated with severe meniscal degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/726581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]],"date-time":"2013-07-11T21:00:49Z","timestamp":1373576449000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Biological Activities of Phosphocitrate: A Potential Meniscal Protective Agent"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Yubo","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Research Biology, Cannon Research, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Research Biology, Cannon Research, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Mauerhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Research Biology, Cannon Research, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Research Biology, Cannon Research, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. James","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dixon Advanced Analytics Group, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward N.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Research Biology, Cannon Research, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.8.917","volume":"41","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22016"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24383"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-19"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32834e90c1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2009.08.004"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2968"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.05.008"},{"issue":"8","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340812","volume":"34","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.048"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20223"},{"issue":"9","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.9.5528","volume":"78","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91267-V"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(93)80383-F"},{"issue":"1","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1840181","volume":"184","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"16","first-page":"169","volume":"34","year":"1982","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(84)90117-5","volume":"52","year":"1984","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18920"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(95)00106-9"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2741\/1574","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22017"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-007-9093-2"},{"key":"23","first-page":"218","volume":"155","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo061709c"},{"issue":"3","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052030-00002","volume":"52","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery A"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27528"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17977"},{"issue":"8","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1808::AID-ART318>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"44","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"9","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199809)41:9<1632::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"41","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"2","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199802)41:2<284::AID-ART12>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"41","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350715"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230001108"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.08.008"},{"issue":"5","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200105)44:5<1071::AID-ANR187>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"44","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.12.002"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050319"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23504"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0043"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0503"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja207628k"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10222"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.08.071"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22302"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3420677"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.10.003"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0357"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20735"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21134"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl100"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901206010024"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2010.547872"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0069-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"53","first-page":"311","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10595"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168988"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03836.x"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/326267"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802736"},{"issue":"12","key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.12.4553","volume":"85","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21301"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/726581.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/726581.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/726581.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T16:07:59Z","timestamp":1498061279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/726581\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["726581","726581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/726581","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}