{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T09:19:56Z","timestamp":1759483196220,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC: 93-2314-B-182A-079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC: 93-2314-B-182A-079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Whether environmental lead exposure has a long-term effect on progressive diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetic patients remains unclear. A total of 107 type II diabetic patients with stage 3 diabetic nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) range, 30\u201360\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) with normal body lead burden (BLB) (&lt;600\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/72\u2009hr in EDTA mobilization tests) and no history of exposure to lead were prospectively followed for 2 years. Patients were divided into high-normal BLB (&gt;80\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g) and low-normal BLB (&lt;80\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g) groups. The primary outcome was a 2-fold increase in the initial creatinine levels, long-term dialysis, or death. The secondary outcome was a change in eGFR over time. Forty-five patients reached the primary outcome within 2 years. Although there were no differences in baseline data and renal function, progressive nephropathy was slower in the low-normal BLB group than that in the high-normal BLB group. During the study period, we demonstrated that each 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g increment in BLB and each 10\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g increment in blood lead levels could decrease GFR by 2.2\u2009mL\/min\/1.72\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>and 3.0\u2009mL\/min\/1.72\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), respectively, as estimated by generalized equations. Moreover, BLB was associated with increased risk of achieving primary outcome. Environmental exposure to lead may have a long-term effect on progressive diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/742545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T07:36:06Z","timestamp":1362123366000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Environmental Lead Exposure Accelerates Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Wen-Hung","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, 199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 10548, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ja-Liang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, 199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 10548, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan-Tzu","family":"Lin-Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, 199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 10548, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, 199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 10548, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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