{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:06:14Z","timestamp":1791201974987,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":205,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyclosporine A (CsA) is one of the most effective systemic drugs available for the treatment of psoriasis, as evidenced by the results of several randomized studies and by a prolonged experience in dermatological setting. In clinical practice, CsA is usually used for the induction of psoriasis remission at a daily dose included in the range of 2.5\u20135\u2009mg\/kg and with intermittent short\u2010term regimens, lasting on average 3\u20136 months. The magnitude and rapidity of response are dose dependent, as well as the risk of development of adverse events. Therefore, the dose should be tailored to patient\u2019s needs and general characteristics and adjusted during the treatment course according to both the efficacy and tolerability. Some studies support the feasibility of pulse administration of CsA for a few days per week for both the induction and the maintenance of response in psoriasis patients. This paper will review the data on CsA regimens for plaque\u2010type psoriasis and will focus the attention on dose, treatment duration, novel schedules, and role in combination therapies, including the association with biologicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/805705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T22:20:21Z","timestamp":1374790821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Cyclosporine Regimens in Plaque Psoriasis:  An Overview with Special Emphasis on Dose, Duration, and Old and New Treatment Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"M. D.","family":"Colombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Cassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bellia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Vena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2003.09102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11591580-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","article-title":"Cyclosporin A for psoriasis","volume":"301","author":"Mueller W.","year":"1979","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"463","article-title":"Linee guida al trattamento con ciclosporina A. Stato dell\u2019arte","volume":"136","author":"Cassano N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02977.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555577137141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70012-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90189-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb02880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102010-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.36.s1.9.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630701418747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-9959(98)00084-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.1.52.55617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80694-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0366-077X.2004.05949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000247288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91393-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200119050-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.6101586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.02.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.03992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80219-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.7.791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70228-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of a new intermittent treatment regimen with cyclosporin A in severe psoriasis","volume":"140","author":"Vena G. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","first-page":"639","article-title":"Ciclosporina A nella psoriasi: mantenimento dell\u2019efficacia con somministrazione intervallata","volume":"4","author":"Vena G. A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chronica Dermatologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.590792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","first-page":"470","article-title":"A comparative non randomized study of narrow-band (NB) (312 \u00b1 2 nm) UVB phototherapy versus sequential therapy with oral administration of low-dose Cyclosporin a and NB-UVB phototherapy in patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"15","author":"Calzavara-Pinton P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70361-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70363-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2002.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(09)80147-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-9959(98)00060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"Methotrexate and cyclosporin combined therapy in severe psoriatic arthritis. A pilot study","author":"Mazzanti G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507203330301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546631003801601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.024463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_2","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of combination methotrexate-cyclosporine therapy in moderate-severe psoriasis","author":"Mohanan S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatological Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)81244-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750011831"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91286-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70138-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.565017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Cyclosporine in the era of biologics: a mini-review with special emphasis on the possible use in combination with biologics for psoriasis","volume":"1","author":"Cassano N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.119446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1721727X1201000210"}],"container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2013\/805705.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2013\/805705.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2013\/805705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T15:07:22Z","timestamp":1720278442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2013\/805705"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"H.","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2013\/805705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/805705","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2356-6140","1537-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2356-6140","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-07-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-07-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"805705"}}