{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:00:58Z","timestamp":1740153658677,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Program of Neurodegenerative Disease"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) or prion diseases are fatal rare neurodegenerative disorders affecting man and animals and caused by a transmissible infectious agent. TSE diseases are characterized by spongiform brain lesions with neuronal loss and the abnormal deposition in the CNS, and to less extent in other tissues, of an insoluble and protease resistant form of the cellular prion protein (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>PrP<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>C<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), named<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>PrP<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TSE<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. In man, TSE diseases affect usually people over 60 years of age with no evident disease-associated risk factors. In some cases, however, TSE diseases are unequivocally linked to infectious episodes related to the use of prion-contaminated medicines, medical devices, or meat products as in the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Clinical signs occur months or years after infection, and during this silent period<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>PrP<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TSE<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, the only reliable marker of infection, is not easily measurable in blood or other accessible tissues or body fluids causing public health concerns. To overcome the limit of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>PrP<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TSE<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>detection, several highly sensitive assays have been developed, but attempts to apply these techniques to blood of infected hosts have been unsuccessful or not yet validated. An update on the latest advances for the detection of misfolded prion protein in body fluids is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/839329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,21]],"date-time":"2013-08-21T17:03:04Z","timestamp":1377104584000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of Misfolded Proteins in Body Fluids for the Diagnosis of Prion Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-7936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Properzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Pocchiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina 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