{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:54:43Z","timestamp":1788216883655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004695","name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001337","name":"Claude Leon Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory ailments are major human killers, especially in developing countries. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease causing a threat to human healthcare. Many South African plants are used in the traditional treatment of TB and related symptoms, but there has not been a sufficient focus on evaluating their antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of plants used traditionally to treat TB and related symptoms against microorganisms (<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mycobacterium aurum<\/jats:italic>A+) associated with respiratory infections using the microdilution assay. Ten plants were selected based on a survey of available literature of medicinal plants used in South Africa for the treatment of TB and related symptoms. The petroleum ether, dichloromethane, 80% ethanol, and water extracts of the selected plants were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Out of 68 extracts tested from different parts of the 10 plant species, 17 showed good antimicrobial activities against at least one or more of the microbial strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.195 to 12.5\u2009mg\/mL. The good antimicrobial properties of<jats:italic>Abrus precatorius, Terminalia phanerophlebia, Indigofera arrecta,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Pentanisia prunelloides<\/jats:italic>authenticate their traditional use in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Thus, further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/840719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T17:06:36Z","timestamp":1362503196000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Plants Used Traditionally in South Africa to Treat Tuberculosis and Related Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Balungile","family":"Madikizela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwell Rungano","family":"Ndhlala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey Franklin","family":"Finnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes Van","family":"Staden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011707","volume":"54","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.072"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319235"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2008.04.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02759"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2009.07.010"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.04.012"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70223-1"},{"issue":"11","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB08.438","volume":"7","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2269"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.08.022"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69573-1"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00185-8"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.04.033"},{"key":"16","year":"1962"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.06.007"},{"key":"18","year":"2009"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np970217f"},{"issue":"1","key":"40","first-page":"27","volume":"5","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2007.02.014"},{"issue":"1","key":"42","first-page":"601","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410701525992"},{"issue":"22","key":"44","first-page":"3984","volume":"7","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v10i3.3"},{"issue":"11","key":"46","first-page":"1277","volume":"78","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2008.04.003"},{"issue":"9","key":"47","first-page":"956","volume":"74","year":"2008","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"17","year":"1997"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.049"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.11.009"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.05.045"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.01.022"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00380-4"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(96)01395-5"},{"key":"15","year":"1962"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2378"},{"issue":"23","key":"20","first-page":"6683","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.08.038"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2006.09.004"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957563"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm117"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.12.017"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.05.012"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.03.036"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2009.02.175"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2012.06.001","volume":"81","year":"2012","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"2","key":"33","first-page":"307","volume":"19","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.70921"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60030-8"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.05.016"},{"issue":"1","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.04.062","volume":"137","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/840719.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/840719.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/840719.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T04:48:36Z","timestamp":1498020516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/840719\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["840719","840719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/840719","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}