{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:25:00Z","timestamp":1740147900146,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yunnan University","award":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11225103","11161054","11171293","81072386","2012CG018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in identifying the disease-associated genetic variants have been proved to be a great pioneering work. Two-stage design and analysis are often adopted in GWASs. Considering the genetic model uncertainty, many robust procedures have been proposed and applied in GWASs. However, the existing approaches mostly focused on binary traits, and few work has been done on continuous (quantitative) traits, since the statistical significance of these robust tests is difficult to calculate. In this paper, we develop a powerful<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-statistic-based robust joint analysis method for quantitative traits using the combined raw data from both stages in the framework of two-staged GWASs. Explicit expressions are obtained to calculate the statistical significance and power. We show using simulations that the proposed method is substantially more robust than the<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-test based on the additive model when the underlying genetic model is unknown. An example for rheumatic arthritis (RA) is used for illustration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/843563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T23:10:46Z","timestamp":1383261046000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust Joint Analysis with Data Fusion in Two-Stage Quantitative Trait Genome-Wide Association Studies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Dong-Dong","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jun","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing-Kam","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000064976","volume":"53","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Heredity"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530509100"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2350"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2250"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-008-0514-8"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2009.00506.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-11-91"},{"issue":"8","key":"8","first-page":"1","volume":"33","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-011-9450-9"},{"key":"10"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2004.00207.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1706"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520678"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05616"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-9"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.1186\/ar578","volume":"4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<30::AID-ANR5>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"43","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"volume":"3","journal-title":"BMC Proceedings","year":"2009","key":"18"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr443"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21619"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21385"},{"volume":"3","journal-title":"BMC Proceedings","year":"2009","key":"22"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/843563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/843563.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/843563.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T17:27:29Z","timestamp":1564594049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2013\/843563\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["843563","843563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/843563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1748-670X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-6718"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}