{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:49:17Z","timestamp":1788587357643,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008418","name":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed on 411 (386 cattle and 25 buffaloes) blood samples of dairy animals from 9 districts of Punjab, India, for simultaneous detection of<jats:italic>Babesia bigemina<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Trypanosoma evansi<\/jats:italic>. The results were compared and correlated with conventional Giemsa stained thin blood smear (GSTBS) examination and haematological alterations to know the clinical status and pathogenicity of infections. The Bg3\/Bg4 and TR3\/TR4 primers were used in duplex PCR for<jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic>amplified products of 689\u2009bp and 257\u2009bp, respectively. The overall prevalence by duplex PCR was found to be 36.49, 2.43, and 3.41% for<jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>, and dual infection, respectively. A more significant difference was observed for dual infection status (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) as compared to<jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and<jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) among various districts under study. A very low prevalence of<jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic>(0.73%) and<jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>(0.48%) was seen by GSTBS. The highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective duplex PCR was able to detect latent<jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>infection in cattle and buffaloes. Haematological evaluation revealed marked pathology in<jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>infected group and in dual infected group in contrast to that infected with<jats:italic>T. evansi<\/jats:italic>alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/893862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T21:02:14Z","timestamp":1377810134000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Molecular Prevalence of<i>Babesia bigemina<\/i>and<i>Trypanosoma evansi<\/i>in Dairy Animals from Punjab, India, by Duplex PCR: A Step Forward to the Detection and Management of Concurrent Latent Infections"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Amrita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachhman Das","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashuma","family":"Tuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramjit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balwinder Kaur","family":"Batth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prayag Dutt","family":"Juyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, 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