{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:10:16Z","timestamp":1791418216774,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Training Foundation of Tianjin University of Science and Technology","award":["B2012001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2012001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>is a pathogen that causes the human disease of typhoid fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of<jats:italic>S. typhi<\/jats:italic>. Some samples were stimulated at 4\u00b0C or \u221220\u00b0C, while others were induced by different concentrations of CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Total cell counts remained constant throughout several days by acridine orange direct counting; however, plate counts declined to undetectable levels within 48 hours by plate counting at \u221220\u00b0C. The direct viable counts remained fairly constant at this level by direct viable counting. Carbon and nitrogen materials slowly decreased which indicated that a large population of cells existed in the VBNC state and entered the VBNC state in response to exposure to 0.01 or 0.015\u2009mmol\/L CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>for more than 14 or 12 days, respectively. Adding 3% Tween 20 or 1% catalase enabled cells to become culturable again, with resuscitation times of 48\u2009h and 24\u2009h, respectively. The atomic force microscope results showed that cells gradually changed in shape from short rods to coccoids, and decreased in size when they entered the VBNC state. Further animal experiments suggested that resuscitated cells might regain pathogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/907170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]],"date-time":"2012-12-26T21:02:37Z","timestamp":1356555757000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Formation and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable<i>Salmonella typhi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guozhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, 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