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In this study, we have focused on the cytokine profile of T lymphocytes evaluated in circulating leukocytes of acute<jats:italic>Schistosomiasis mansoni<\/jats:italic>-infected patients (ACT group) before and after praziquantel treatment (ACT-TR group). Our data demonstrated increased values of total leukocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes in both groups. Interestingly, we have observed that patients treated with praziquantel showed increased values of lymphocytes as compared with noninfected group (NI) or ACT groups. Furthermore, a decrease of neutrophils in ACT-TR was observed when compared to ACT group. Analyses of short-term<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>whole blood stimulation demonstrated that, regardless of the presence of soluble<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>eggs antigen (SEA), increased synthesis of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>and IL-4 by T-cells was observed in the ACT group. Analyses of cytokine profile in CD8 T cells demonstrated higher percentage of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>and IL-4 cells in both ACT and ACT-TR groups apart from increased percentage of IL-10 cells only in the ACT group. This study is the first one to point out the relevance of CD8 T lymphocytes in the immune response induced during the acute phase of schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/909134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,20]],"date-time":"2013-01-20T21:00:43Z","timestamp":1358715643000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cytokine Pattern of T Lymphocytes in Acute<i>Schistosomiasis mansoni<\/i>Patients following Treated Praziquantel Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Silveira-Lemos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomarcadores de Diagn\u00f3stico e Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas Ren\u00e9 Rachou, FIOCRUZ, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de 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