{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:59:41Z","timestamp":1776301181466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE)"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia-Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Farmac\u00eautica (INCT_If)"},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)"},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease frequently characterized by chronic synovitis of multiple joints. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves many proinflammatory cytokines as Th17 related ones. PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>is a nuclear receptor activator that represses proinflammatory gene expression. Thus, this work aimed to synthetize a new thiazolidinedione (TZD) analogue based on a well-known anti-inflammatory and PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>agonist activity of this ring and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. After chemical structure confirmation, the compound named 5-(5-bromo-2-methoxy-benzylidene)-3-(2-nitro-benzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione TM17 was submitted to cytokine releasing inhibition and PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>genetic modulation assays. The new compound showed no toxicity on human and murine cells, decreasing IL-6 secretion by murine splenocytes and reducing IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with RA. TM17 was more efficient in modulating the mRNA expression of PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>than its well-used TZD agonist rosiglitazone. Surprisingly, TM17 was efficient on IL-17A and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>reduction, like the positive control methylprednisolone, and presented a better effect on IL-22 levels. In conclusion, PBMCs obtained from RA patients under TM17 treatment present a significant reduction in IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>levels, but not IL-6 when compared with nontreated cells, as well as increase PPAR<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>mRNA expression in absence of stimulus addressing it as a promising molecule in RA treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/926060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T21:01:19Z","timestamp":1378069279000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Synthesis of a Novel Thiazolidinedione and Evaluation of Its Modulatory Effect on IFN-<i>\u03b3<\/i>, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-22 Production in PBMCs from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Laurindo Ferreira","family":"da Rocha Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Reumatologia do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas (HC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Tereza Am\u00e9lia, s\/n, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Novas Abordagens Terap\u00eauticas (LINAT), N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Terap\u00eautica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernanbuco, (UFPE), Rua Tereza Am\u00e9lia, s\/n, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moacyr Jesus Barreto","family":"de Melo R\u00eago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Novas Abordagens Terap\u00eauticas (LINAT), N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Terap\u00eautica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernanbuco, (UFPE), Rua Tereza Am\u00e9lia, s\/n, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Brayner","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Novas Abordagens Terap\u00eauticas (LINAT), N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Terap\u00eautica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernanbuco, (UFPE), Rua Tereza Am\u00e9lia, s\/n, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelly Cristiny","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Novas Abordagens Terap\u00eauticas (LINAT), N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Terap\u00eautica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernanbuco, (UFPE), Rua Tereza Am\u00e9lia, s\/n, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Galdino da 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