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Studies about stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction have been limited to an experimental basis and have been less focused than bladder regeneration. Bladder dysfunction was listed in MESH as \u201curinary bladder neck obstruction\u201d, \u201curinary bladder, overactive\u201d, and \u201curinary bladder, neurogenic\u201d. Using those keywords, several articles were searched and studied. The bladder dysfunction model includes bladder outlet obstruction, cryoinjured, diabetes, ischemia, and spinal cord injury. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), and skeletal muscle derived stem cells (SkMSCs) are used for transplantation to treat bladder dysfunction. The main mechanisms of stem cells to reconstitute or restore bladder dysfunction are migration, differentiation, and paracrine effects. The aim of this study is to review the stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction and to provide the status of stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/930713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]],"date-time":"2013-09-16T17:06:34Z","timestamp":1379351194000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Stem Cell Therapy in Bladder Dysfunction: Where Are We? 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