{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:22:06Z","timestamp":1775247726869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coeliac Disease Consortium","award":["NGI 05060451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGI 05060451"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A small fraction of coeliac disease (CD) patients have persistent villous atrophy despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet. Some of these refractory CD (RCD) patients develop a clonal expansion of lymphocytes with an aberrant phenotype, referred to as RCD type II (RCDII). Pathogenesis of active CD (ACD) has been shown to be related to gluten-specific immunity whereas the disease is no longer gluten driven in RCD. We therefore hypothesized that the immune response is differentially regulated by cytokines in ACD versus RCDII and investigated mucosal cytokine release after polyclonal stimulation of isolated mucosal lymphocytes. Secretion of the<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>H<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msub><mml:mtext>2<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>cytokine IL-13 was significantly higher in lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) isolated from RCDII patients as compared to LPL from ACD patients<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. In patients successfully treated with a gluten-free diet LPL-derived IL-13 production was also higher as compared to ACD patients<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>. IL-13 secretion correlated with other<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>H<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msub><mml:mtext>2<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>as well as<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>H<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msub><mml:mtext>1<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>cytokines but not with IL-10 secretion. Overall, the cytokine production pattern of LPL in RCDII showed more similarities with LPL isolated from GFD patients than from ACD patients. Our data suggest that different immunological processes are involved in RCDII and ACD with a potential role for IL-13.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/939047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T17:01:06Z","timestamp":1366045266000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Differential IL-13 Production by Small Intestinal Leukocytes in Active Coeliac Disease versus Refractory Coeliac Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-8314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sascha","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy L.","family":"van Wanrooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petula","family":"Nijeboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyra A.","family":"Gelderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia A. G. M.","family":"Cillessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit A.","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris J. J.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Bouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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