{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:23:21Z","timestamp":1771871001794,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended\u2010release (MSN) capsules compared with controlled\u2010release morphine sulfate (MS) and placebo when crushed and administered intranasally.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS: The present study was a randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled, single\u2010dose (30 mg), three\u2010way crossover study in healthy, nondependent recreational opioid users. PD measures included assessment of subjective drug effects using visual analogue scales (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100 and assessments of pupil diameter. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: Both MS and MSN showed significantly higher PD values compared with placebo. MSN showed significantly lower scores for drug liking and high VAS scores on both mean peak effect (E<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) (69.6 and 55.2, respectively) and in area under the effect curve over 2 h (86.3 and 66.7, respectively) following dosing compared with MS (E<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> 87.6 and 86.6, respectively; area under the curve over 2 h 120.6 and 132.9, respectively; P&lt;0.001). MSN showed significantly lower E<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> for all other positive subjective effects (good drug effects, overall drug liking, and take drug again VAS scores) compared with MS (P&lt;0.001). Peak minimum pupil diameter was significantly larger for MSN than MS (P=0.002). Mean peak plasma concentration (C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) and median time to C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> for morphine following administration of MSN and MS were similar (27.3 ng\/mL and 0.57 h versus 27.7 ng\/mL and 0.6 h, respectively). Naltrexone mean C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was 1497 pg\/mL after MSN and median time to C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was 0.55 h.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: When crushed and administered intranasally, MSN was associated with significantly lower ratings of drug liking and other positive subjective effects compared with MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/952082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T08:08:51Z","timestamp":1458029331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessing the Subjective and Physiological Effects of Intranasally Administered Crushed Extended\u2010Release Morphine Formulations with and without a Sequestered Naltrexone Core in Recreational Opioid Users"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Setnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veeraindar","family":"Goli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naama","family":"Levy-Cooperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Shram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2013\/952082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2013\/952082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T08:56:16Z","timestamp":1723107376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2013\/952082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2013\/952082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/952082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-6765","1918-1523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}