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Some combinations of<jats:italic>HLA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>KIR<\/jats:italic>may result in negative as well as positive interactions between NK cells and infected host cells with<jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>, resulting in activation or inhibition of NK cells and, consequently, in death of bacillus. In addition, studies have demonstrated the influence of<jats:italic>MICA<\/jats:italic>genes in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Specifically, they may play a role in the interaction between NK cells and infected cells. Finally, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been influencing the clinical course of leprosy. Data from a wide variety of sources support the existence of genetic factors influencing the leprosy pathogenesis. These sources include twin studies, segregation analyses, family-based linkage and association studies, candidate gene association studies, and, most recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The purpose of this brief review was to highlight the importance of some immune response genes and their correlation with the clinical forms of leprosy, as well as their implications for disease resistance and susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/989837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]],"date-time":"2013-07-08T21:06:37Z","timestamp":1373317597000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Role of<i>HLA<\/i>,<i>KIR<\/i>,<i>MICA<\/i>, and Cytokines Genes in Leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Luciana Ribeiro","family":"Jarduli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Biosciences Applied to Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Sell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic 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