{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:13:29Z","timestamp":1769271209906,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP-286208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP-286208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["III-41007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["III-41007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GQ0810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GQ0810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia","award":["FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP-286208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP-286208"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia","award":["III-41007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["III-41007"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia","award":["01GQ0810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GQ0810"]}]},{"name":"The German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP-286208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP-286208"]}]},{"name":"The German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["III-41007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["III-41007"]}]},{"name":"The German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01GQ0810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GQ0810"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Closing the control loop by providing somatosensory feedback to the user of a prosthesis is a well-known, long standing challenge in the field of prosthetics. Various approaches have been investigated for feedback restoration, ranging from direct neural stimulation to noninvasive sensory substitution methods. Although there are many studies presenting closed-loop systems, only a few of them objectively evaluated the closed-loop performance, mostly using vibrotactile stimulation. Importantly, the conclusions about the utility of the feedback were partly contradictory. The goal of the current study was to systematically investigate the capability of human subjects to control grasping force in closed loop using electrotactile feedback. We have developed a realistic experimental setup for virtual grasping, which operated in real time, included a set of real life objects, as well as a graphical and dynamical model of the prosthesis. We have used the setup to test 10 healthy, able bodied subjects to investigate the role of training, feedback and feedforward control, robustness of the closed loop, and the ability of the human subjects to generalize the control to previously \u201cunseen\u201d objects. Overall, the outcomes of this study are very optimistic with regard to the benefits of feedback and reveal various, practically relevant, aspects of closed-loop control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/120357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T16:02:20Z","timestamp":1388678540000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Virtual Grasping: Closed-Loop Force Control Using Electrotactile Feedback"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Nikola","family":"Jorgovanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Systems, Signals and Control, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Strahinja","family":"Dosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, Georg-August University, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Damir J.","family":"Djozic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Systems, Signals and Control, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Krajoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Systems, Signals and Control, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, Georg-August University, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(92)90139-C","volume":"2","year":"1992","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309338194"},{"issue":"3","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.3.515","volume":"105","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2005.856072"},{"issue":"4","key":"7","first-page":"300","volume":"29","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.68204"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008526-200604000-00007"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JPO.0000311041.61628.be"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2007.910708"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.1992.01.0001","volume":"29","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"13","first-page":"53","volume":"26","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","first-page":"73","volume":"6","year":"1979","journal-title":"Medical Progress through Technology"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-8-60"},{"issue":"1","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442481","volume":"18","year":"1980","journal-title":"Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80016-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02347046","volume":"38","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2002.1031977"},{"key":"23","year":"2009"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032743"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2011.2168981"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/001872087902100212","volume":"21","year":"1979","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"1","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204001","volume":"17","year":"1975","journal-title":"Perception and Psychophysics"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/6\/6\/066008"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.903942"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368611"},{"issue":"9","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3315","volume":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2014\/120357.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2014\/120357.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2014\/120357.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T14:52:44Z","timestamp":1565016764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2014\/120357\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["120357","120357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/120357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}