{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:37:06Z","timestamp":1790498226758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Challenging Exploratory Research","award":["23650598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23650598"]}]},{"name":"Challenging Exploratory Research","award":["25242045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25242045"]}]},{"name":"Challenging Exploratory Research","award":["24501315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24501315"]}]},{"name":"Challenging Exploratory Research","award":["24510151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24510151"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["23650598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23650598"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["25242045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25242045"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24501315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24501315"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24510151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24510151"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["23650598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23650598"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["25242045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25242045"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24501315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24501315"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24510151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24510151"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["23650598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23650598"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["25242045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25242045"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24501315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24501315"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24510151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24510151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a 36-amino acid peptide derived from<jats:italic>Leiurus quinquestriatus<\/jats:italic>(scorpion) venom, which inhibits low-conductance chloride channels in colonic epithelial cells. It has been reported that CTX also binds to matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), membrane type-1 MMP, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, as well as CLC-3 chloride ion channels and other proteins. Pancreatic cancer cells require the activation of MMP-2 during invasion and migration. In this study, the fusion protein was generated by joining the CTX peptide to the amino terminus of the human IgG-Fc domain without a hinge domain, the monomeric form of chlorotoxin (M-CTX-Fc). The resulting fusion protein was then used to target pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1)<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. M-CTX-Fc decreased MMP-2 release into the media of PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. M-CTX-Fc internalization into PANC-1 cells was observed. When the cells were treated with chlorpromazine (CPZ), the internalization of the fusion protein was reduced, implicating a clathrin-dependent internalization mechanism of M-CTX-Fc in PANC-1 cells. Furthermore, M-CTX-Fc clearly exhibited the inhibition of the migration depending on the concentration, but human IgG, as negative control of Fc, was not affected. The M-CTX-Fc may be an effective instrument for targeting pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/152659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T16:08:35Z","timestamp":1389197315000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chlorotoxin-Fc Fusion Inhibits Release of MMP-2 from Pancreatic Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Samah","family":"El-Ghlban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonari","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-5108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Shigehiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Xia","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreeja","family":"Sekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikiko","family":"Ida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2522-4927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kudoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Seno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820701883148"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000101)85:1<14::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"85","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"52","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43685","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.380402","volume":"287","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12307-012-0101-3"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067100"},{"issue":"2","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90642-C","volume":"64","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1418","volume":"4","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02698045"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.6.0978","volume":"94","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"137","volume":"107","year":"1999","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/370061a0"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20431"},{"issue":"7","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.7.574","volume":"85","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"issue":"3","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19462.x","volume":"194","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Journal of Biochemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"15","first-page":"2535","volume":"56","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01498.x"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.16.12080"},{"issue":"2","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C361","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.264.2.C361","volume":"264","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.4.2.175"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205662200"},{"issue":"21","key":"21","first-page":"4871","volume":"58","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10083"},{"issue":"1","key":"23","first-page":"39","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"issue":"14","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6882","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3948","volume":"67","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200700784"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-1157"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00661.x"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.10.003"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/975763"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2008.03.012"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh146"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2216"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2005.06.002"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.03238"},{"issue":"2","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9098(200002)73:2<95::AID-JSO7>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"73","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620409"},{"issue":"4","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.4.1118","volume":"19","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<12::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"87","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2000.5118"},{"issue":"3","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.1998.18","volume":"8","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Research"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.10.5331"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X06000044"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20064"},{"issue":"3","key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200205026","volume":"159","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.22.13503"},{"issue":"15","key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(07)00351-X","volume":"8","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.4.901"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2001.6150"},{"issue":"4","key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980215)82:4<642::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"82","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"24","key":"50","first-page":"8730","volume":"61","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00114.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000401)86:1<15::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"86","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/152659.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/152659.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/152659.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T21:21:24Z","timestamp":1565040084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/152659\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["152659","152659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/152659","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}