{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:11:32Z","timestamp":1782234692573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>. To determine the frequency of detection of conjunctival<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>(CT),<jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>(MH), and<jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>(UU) infections in young adults with dry eye disease (DED), since these infections may potentially produce the chronic subclinical inflammation characteristic of DED.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. The study included subjects of 25\u201345 years of age, divided into the DED (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>114<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and nondry eye control (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>98<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) groups, with the diagnosis based on self-reported complaints, biomicroscopy, the Schirmer I test, and break-up time. All patients had conjunctival scrapings taken to detect CT, MH, and UU with direct fluorescent-antibody assay kits.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. At least one of the three microorganisms was found in 87.7% of the DED patients versus 8.2% of the controls. Of all the DED patients, 63.2%, 50.8%, and 42.1% were found to be infected with CT, MH, and UU, respectively. Multiple pathogens were identified in 65% of the DED patients found to be infected. CT infection was detected in 6.1% of the controls.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>were detected with high frequency in the conjunctiva of young adults with DED and may be an important risk factor for DED in them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/154627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T21:06:19Z","timestamp":1400792779000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High Frequency of Latent Conjunctival<i>C. trachomatis<\/i>,<i>M. hominis<\/i>, and<i>U. urealyticum<\/i>Infections in Young Adults with Dry Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Ernest V.","family":"Boiko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, 5 Klinicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg 194044, 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