{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:44:50Z","timestamp":1789685090138,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013R1A1A2A10004451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013R1A1A2A10004451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pneumococcal colonization and disease is often associated with biofilm formation, in which the bacteria exhibit elevated resistance both to antibiotics and to host defense systems, often resulting in infections that are persistent and difficult to treat. We evaluated the effect of sinefungin, a nucleoside analogue of S-adenosylmethionine, on pneumococcal<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>biofilm formation and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>colonization. Sinefungin is bacteriostatic to pneumococci and significantly decreased biofilm growth and inhibited proliferation and structure of actively growing biofilms but did not alter growth or the matrix structure of established biofilms. Sinefungin significantly reduced pneumococcal colonization in rat middle ear. The quorum sensing molecule (autoinducer-2) production was significantly reduced by 92% in sinefungin treated samples. The<jats:italic>luxS, pfs<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>speE<\/jats:italic>genes were downregulated in biofilms grown in the presence of sinefungin. This study shows that sinefungin inhibits pneumococcal biofilm growth<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and colonization<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, decreases AI-2 production, and downregulates<jats:italic>luxS<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>pfs<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>speE<\/jats:italic>gene expressions. Therefore, the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) inhibitors could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel antibiofilm agents against pneumococci.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/156987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T21:01:04Z","timestamp":1403557264000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Sinefungin, a Natural Nucleoside Analogue of S-Adenosylmethionine, Inhibits<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>Biofilm Growth"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-8554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mukesh Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-705, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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