{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:59:30Z","timestamp":1767167970244,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Welfare Projects for Scientific Research of Henan Province, China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of the study was to determine the signal transduction mechanism of cepharanthine hydrochloride (CH) on reversing tumor multidrug resistance. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine the effects of CH on the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA and P-glycoprotein in K562\/ADR cells when CH was used alone and combined with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, to explore the effects of CH on JNK pathway. Western blot analysis was used to determine the effects of CH on c-Jun protein expression and phosphorylation, to explore the regulating effects of CH on c-Jun and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun) proteins. Our results showed that the inhibitory effect of CH on\n                    <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA increased with the concentrations of CH (5.0, 10.0, and 20.0\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    M) and the inhibitory effects of CH on\n                    <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA and P-glycoprotein increased with the incubation time of CH (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours). The inhibitory effect was weakened after CH combined with SP600125. The expressions of c-Jun and p-c-Jun proteins increased with the incubation time of CH (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours). These findings suggest that CH downregulated the expressions of\n                    <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA and P-glycoprotein in a time and concentration manner; the mechanism may be mediated via activating c-Jun\/JNK pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/164391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T17:04:01Z","timestamp":1413479041000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Downregulation of\n                    <i>MDR1<\/i>\n                    Gene by Cepharanthine Hydrochloride Is Related to the Activation of c-Jun\/JNK in K562\/ADR Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yafeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China"},{"name":"Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingduan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450052, 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