{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:18:09Z","timestamp":1771334289800,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In Sudan human leishmaniasis occurs in different clinical forms, that is, visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (ML), and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Clinical samples from 69 Sudanese patients with different clinical manifestations were subjected to a PCR targeting the cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene for<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species identification. Mixed infections were suspected due to multiple overlapping peaks presented in some sequences of the COII amplicons. Cloning these amplicons and alignment of sequences from randomly selected clones confirmed the presence of two different<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species,<jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>, in three out of five CL patients. Findings were further confirmed by cloning the ITS gene. Regarding other samples no significant genetic variations were found in patients with VL (62 patients), PKDL (one patient), or ML (one patient). The sequences clustered in a single homogeneous group within<jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>genetic group, with the exception of one sequence clustering with<jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>genetic group. Findings of this study open discussion on the synergetic\/antagonistic interaction between divergent<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species both in mammalian and vector hosts, their clinical implications with respect to parasite fitness and response to treatment, and the route of transmission with respect to vector distribution and or adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/170859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T21:01:36Z","timestamp":1394658096000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Concomitant Infection with<i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>and<i>L. major<\/i>in Single Ulcers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients from Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"A. 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