{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:47:55Z","timestamp":1787017675404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although the association between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hyperandrogenism was identified more than 40 years ago, relevant questions remain unanswered.\n                    <jats:italic>Design and Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled study in 23 women with a diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole (HM).\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All participants completed the study. Before HM evacuation mean hCG was markedly higher in the cases than in the control group (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). Free testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were found to be higher in the cases (2.78\u2009\u00b1\u20091.24\u2009pg\/mL and 231.50\u2009\u00b1\u2009127.20\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/dL) when compared to the control group (1.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.75\u2009pg\/mL and 133.59\u2009\u00b1\u200960.69\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/dL) (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and 0.001), respectively. There was a strong correlation between hCG and free T\/total T\/DHEA-S concentrations (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.78<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                      <mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.74<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ;\u2009\u2009\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    , and\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                      <mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.71<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ;\u2009\u2009\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), respectively. In the cases group 48 hours after HM evacuation, hCG levels were found to be significantly lower when compared to initial levels (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and free T and DHEA-S declined significantly (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.0002<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and 0.009).\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Before uterus evacuation, hCG, free T, and DHEA-S levels were significantly higher when compared with controls finding a strong correlation between hCG and free T\/DHEA-S levels. Forty-eight hours after HM treatment hCG levels declined and the difference was lost. A novel finding of our study is that in cases, besides free T, DHEA-S was also found to be significantly higher and both the ovaries and adrenal glands appear to be the sites of this androgen overproduction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/191247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,23]],"date-time":"2014-11-23T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1416758421000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ovarian and Adrenal Androgens and Their Link to High Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels: A Prospective Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, University Hospital \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 E. Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Francisco I. Madero and Gonzalitos s\/n, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Zacar\u00edas","family":"Villarreal-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, University Hospital \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 E. Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Francisco I. Madero and Gonzalitos s\/n, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Arturo","family":"Morales-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University Hospital \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 E. Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Francisco I. Madero and Gonzalitos s\/n, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University Hospital \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 E. Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Francisco I. Madero and Gonzalitos s\/n, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Saldivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Division, University Hospital \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 E. Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Francisco I. 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