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In this small study, we sought to determine whether disaster-related PNMS would predict asthma risk in children. In June 1998, we assessed severity of objective hardship and subjective distress in women pregnant during the January 1998 Quebec Ice Storm. Lifetime asthma symptoms, diagnoses, and corticosteroid utilization were assessed when the children were 12 years old (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>68<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). No effects of objective hardship or timing of the exposure were found. 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Findings suggest that stress during pregnancy opens a window for fetal programming of immune functioning. A sex-based approach may be useful to examine how prenatal and postnatal environments combine to program the immune system. This small study needs to be replicated with a larger, more representative sample.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/201717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T17:11:27Z","timestamp":1399569087000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Prenatal Maternal Stress Predicts Childhood Asthma in Girls: Project Ice Storm"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-9908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Turcotte-Tremblay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H2X 0A9"},{"name":"University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3N 1X9"},{"name":"Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada H4H 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