{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:22:52Z","timestamp":1788870172871,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44EY015373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44EY015373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY03040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY03040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute","award":["R44EY015373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44EY015373"]}]},{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute","award":["P30 EY03040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY03040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Automated perimetry is used for the assessment of visual function in a variety of ophthalmic and neurologic diseases. We report development and clinical testing of a compact, head-mounted, and eye-tracking perimeter (VirtualEye) that provides a more comfortable test environment than the standard instrumentation. VirtualEye performs the equivalent of a full threshold 24-2 visual field in two modes: (1) manual, with patient response registered with a mouse click, and (2) visual grasp, where the eye tracker senses change in gaze direction as evidence of target acquisition. 59 patients successfully completed the test in manual mode and 40 in visual grasp mode, with 59 undergoing the standard Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) testing. Large visual field defects were reliably detected by VirtualEye. Point-by-point comparison between the results obtained with the different modalities indicates: (1) minimal systematic differences between measurements taken in visual grasp and manual modes, (2) the average standard deviation of the difference distributions of about 5\u2009dB, and (3) a systematic shift (of 4\u20136\u2009dB) to lower sensitivities for VirtualEye device, observed mostly in high dB range. The usability survey suggested patients\u2019 acceptance of the head-mounted device. The study appears to validate the concepts of a head-mounted perimeter and the visual grasp mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/206082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T17:02:51Z","timestamp":1403542971000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Testing of Visual Field with Virtual Reality Goggles in Manual and Visual Grasp Modes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Wroblewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioFormatix, Inc., P.O. Box 721450, San Diego, CA 92172, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 91105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Sadun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 91105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Vakili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 91105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"1997"},{"key":"2","year":"1999"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01726-8"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06671.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01818-4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00001-X"},{"issue":"8","key":"7","first-page":"2201","volume":"41","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76161-6","volume":"113","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","first-page":"1083","volume":"30","year":"1989","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10","series-title":"OSA Technical Digest Series, paper MB1","volume-title":"Head-mounted perimetry","year":"1999"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.10.1185"},{"issue":"5","key":"12","first-page":"197","volume":"24","year":"1989","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.451.0115","volume":"45","year":"2001","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1121-7"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1789"},{"issue":"8","key":"16","first-page":"2654","volume":"43","year":"2002","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.7.761"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/206082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/206082.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/206082.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T11:24:53Z","timestamp":1498130693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/206082\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["206082","206082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/206082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}