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Since the mid-to-late 2000s, these amphetamine-like psychostimulants have gained popularity amongst drug users due to their potency, low cost, ease of procurement, and constantly evolving chemical structures. Concomitant with their increased use is the emergence of a growing collection of case reports of bizarre and dangerous behaviors, toxicity to numerous organ systems, and death. However, scientific information regarding the abuse liability of these drugs has been relatively slower to materialize. Recently we have published several studies demonstrating that laboratory rodents will readily self-administer the \u201cfirst generation\u201d synthetic cathinones methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and methylone via the intravenous route, in patterns similar to those of methamphetamine. Under progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, the rank order of reinforcing efficacy of these compounds is MDPV \u2265 methamphetamine &gt; methylone. MDPV and methylone, as well as the \u201csecond generation\u201d synthetic cathinones <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-PVP) and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), also dose-dependently increase brain reward function. Collectively, these findings indicate that synthetic cathinones have a high abuse and addiction potential and underscore the need for future assessment of the extent and duration of neurotoxicity induced by these emerging drugs of abuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/209875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T21:02:52Z","timestamp":1401915772000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Synthetic Cathinones and Their Rewarding and Reinforcing Effects in Rodents"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Lucas R.","family":"Watterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Foster","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. 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