{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:18:49Z","timestamp":1762917529985},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We propose forwarding-function ([Formula: see text]) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for time-critical applications. In order to tackle flooding, path loss, and propagation latency, we calculate optimal holding time ([Formula: see text]) and use routing metrics: localization-free signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR), signal quality index (SQI), energy cost function (ECF), and depth-dependent function (DDF). Our proposal provides on-demand routing by formulating hard threshold ([Formula: see text]), soft threshold ([Formula: see text]), and prime energy limit ([Formula: see text]). Simulation results verify effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed iAMCTD. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/213012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,20]],"date-time":"2014-07-20T21:02:39Z","timestamp":1405890159000},"page":"213012","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Javaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAST, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"},{"name":"EE Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"M. 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