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The medicinal mushroom,<jats:italic>Phellinus igniarius<\/jats:italic>, contains biologically active compounds that modulate the human immune system. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 35\u201355) in C57BL\/6 female mice. A water-ethanol extract of<jats:italic>Phellinus igniarius<\/jats:italic>(Piwep) was delivered intraperitoneally every other day for the entire experimental course. Three weeks after the initial immunization, demyelination and immune cell infiltration in the spinal cord were examined. Piwep injection profoundly decreased the daily incidence rate and clinical score of EAE. The Piwep-mediated inhibition of the clinical course of EAE was accompanied by suppression of demyelination and infiltration of encephalitogenic immune cells including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and B cells in the spinal cord. Piwep reduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the spinal cord and integrin-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>in the lymph node of EAE mice. Piwep also inhibited proliferation of lymphocytes and secretion of interferon-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>in the lymph node of EAE mice. The results suggest that a mushroom extract, Piwep, may have a high therapeutic potential for ameliorating multiple sclerosis progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/218274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T21:10:44Z","timestamp":1390857044000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Mushroom Extract Piwep from<i>Phellinus igniarius<\/i>Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Immune Cell Infiltration in the Spinal Cord"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1-Okcheon-dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 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