{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1782729388273,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000222","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T6383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T6383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000222","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke variably activates interleukin- (IL-) 17 expression, reduces regulatory T cells, and induces oxidative stress, which may support neurodegeneration. Ischemic stroke patients were screened for depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D)) and cognitive status (Mini Mental State Examination). Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, and interferon- [IFN-]<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>), anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and lipid hydroperoxide (LPH), a measure of oxidative stress, were assayed from fasting serum. Of 47 subjects (age 71.8 \u00b1 14.4 years, 36% female), 19 had depressive symptoms (CES-D \u2265 16), which was associated with poorer cognitive status (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1,46<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8.44<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.006<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). IL-17 concentrations did not differ between subjects with and without depressive symptoms (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1,46<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8.44<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.572<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>); however, IL-17 was associated with poorer cognitive status in subjects with depressive symptoms (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1,46<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>9.29<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). In those subjects with depressive symptoms, IL-17 was associated with higher LPH (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>\u03c1<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.518<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.023<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and lower IL-10 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>\u03c1<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.484<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.036<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), but not in those without. In conclusion, poststroke depressive symptoms may be associated with cognitive vulnerability to IL-17 related pathways, involving an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity and increased oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/245210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,22]],"date-time":"2014-06-22T02:20:16Z","timestamp":1403403616000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Poststroke Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Relationships with IL-17 and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Swardfager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Andreazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. H.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"},{"name":"L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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