{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T12:15:05Z","timestamp":1777292105631,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study was done to assess the phytochemicals (flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannin, alkaloids, and phenol) in different parts (root, stem, and leaves) of<jats:italic>Ballota nigra<\/jats:italic>and correlated it to inhibition of microbes (bacteria and fungi), protozoan (Leishmania), and heavy metals toxicity evaluation. In root and stem flavonoids, terpenes and phenols were present in ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate soluble fraction; these were found to be the most active inhibiting fractions against all the tested strains of bacteria, fungi, and leishmania. While in leaves flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols were present in ethanol, chloroform, and<jats:italic>n-<\/jats:italic>butanol fractions which were the most active fractions against both types of microbes and protozoan (leishmania) in<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>study. Ethanol and chloroform fractions show maximum inhibition against<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>(17\u2009mm). The phytochemical and biological screenings were correlated with the presence of heavy metals in selected plant<jats:italic>Ballota nigra.<\/jats:italic>Cr was found above permissible value (above 1.5\u2009mg\/kg) in all parts of the plant. Ni was above WHO limit in<jats:italic>B. nigra<\/jats:italic>root and leaves (3.35 \u00b1 1.20\u2009mg\/kg and 5.09 \u00b1 0.47\u2009mg\/kg, respectively). Fe was above permissible value in all parts of<jats:italic>B. nigra<\/jats:italic>(above 20\u2009mg\/kg). Cd was above permissible value in all parts of the plant (above 0.3\u2009mg\/kg). Pb was above WHO limit (above 2\u2009mg\/kg) in all parts of<jats:italic>Ballota nigra<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/321803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T21:02:47Z","timestamp":1403816567000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>Antimicrobial and Antiprotozoal Activities, Phytochemical Screening and Heavy Metals Toxicity of Different Parts of<i>Ballota nigra<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Najeeb","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ijaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"3, article 3","key":"1","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.17221\/3485-CJFS","volume":"21","year":"2003","journal-title":"Czech Journal of Food Sciences"},{"key":"23","first-page":"143","volume":"30","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Turcica"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","first-page":"93","volume":"32","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara"},{"issue":"12","key":"3","first-page":"1235","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"African Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"key":"4","volume-title":"New antimicrobials of plant origins","year":"1999"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.07.022"},{"issue":"7","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2005.000-3127","volume":"4","year":"2005","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"43","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"8","first-page":"467","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1145"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-8472(98)00058-6"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/JSC0412991V"},{"issue":"6","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(80)83110-4","volume":"19","year":"1980","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"13","first-page":"53","volume":"1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"14","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"79","volume":"11","year":"2010","journal-title":"African Scientist"},{"issue":"2","key":"16","first-page":"42","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmacy"},{"key":"17","volume":"49","year":"1973"},{"issue":"1","key":"18","first-page":"27","volume":"48","year":"1983","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"19","first-page":"101","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Weed Science and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"51","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"21","first-page":"747","volume":"39","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Botany"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2007.B0001"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/321803.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/321803.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/321803.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T16:23:36Z","timestamp":1689351816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/321803\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["321803","321803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/321803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}