{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T21:59:46Z","timestamp":1773352786851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. We present our experience in the reconstruction of these leaks depending on their size and location.<jats:italic>Material and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Fifty-four patients who underwent advanced skull base surgery (large defects,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>20\u2009mm) and 62 patients with CSF leaks of different origin (small, 2\u201310\u2009mm, and midsize, 11\u201320\u2009mm, defects) were included in the retrospective study. Large defects were reconstructed with a nasoseptal pedicled flap positioned on fat and fascia lata. In small and midsized leaks. Fascia lata in an<jats:italic>underlay<\/jats:italic>position was used for its reconstruction covered with mucoperiosteum of either the middle or the inferior turbinate.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The most frequent etiology for small and midsized defects was spontaneous (48.4%), followed by trauma (24.2%), iatrogenic (5%). The success rate after the first surgical reconstruction was 91% and 98% in large skull base defects and small\/midsized, respectively. Rescue surgery achieved 100%.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Endoscopic surgery for any type of skull base defect is the gold standard. The size of the defects does not seem to play a significant role in the success rate. Fascia lata and mucoperiosteum of the turbinate allow a two-layer reconstruction of small and midsized defects. For larger skull base defects, a combination of fat, fascia lata, and nasoseptal pedicled flaps provides a successful reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/346873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T21:11:47Z","timestamp":1399497107000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Management of Anterior Skull Base Defect Depending on Its Size and Location"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Bernal-Sprekelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ORL-HNS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Medical School, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of ORL-HNS, Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, University of Barcelona Medical School, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rioja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ORL-HNS, 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