{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T15:38:18Z","timestamp":1746805098561,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-NRFF2011-01","NMRC\/CBRG\/0005\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-NRFF2011-01","NMRC\/CBRG\/0005\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-NRFF2011-01","NMRC\/CBRG\/0005\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-NRFF2011-01","NMRC\/CBRG\/0005\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is increasingly used for monitoring the interfacial interaction between surfaces and macromolecules such as biomaterials, polymers, and metals. Recent QCM applications deal with several types of liquids with various viscous macromolecule compounds, which behave differently from Newtonian liquids. To properly monitor such interactions, it is crucial to understand the influence of the non-Newtonian fluid on the QCM measurement response. As a quantitative indicator of non-Newtonian behavior, we used the quartz resonator signature,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, of the QCM measurement response, which has a consistent value for Newtonian fluids. We then modified De Kee\u2019s non-Newtonian three-parameter model to apply it to our prediction of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>values for non-Newtonian liquids. As a model, we chose polyethylene glycol (PEG400) with the titration of its volume concentration in deionized water. As the volume concentration of PEG400 increased, the<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>value decreased, confirming that the modified De Kee\u2019s three-parameter model can predict the change in<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>value. Collectively, the findings presented herein enable the application of the quartz resonator signature,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, to verify QCM measurement analysis in relation to a wide range of experimental subjects that may exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, including polymers and biomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/373528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T16:01:43Z","timestamp":1415894503000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of a Non-Newtonian Load on Signature<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>for Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-475X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Hyeok","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"},{"name":"Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553"}]},{"given":"Kay K.","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2840-5301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nam-Joon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798"},{"name":"Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 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