{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:05:18Z","timestamp":1789009518769,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is an important proinflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Behcet\u2019s disease (BD). B cell activating factor (BAFF) and its homolog A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor family. BAFF binds to 3 receptors, B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium modulator ligand interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are expressed by B cells.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Estimation of the serum levels of TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , APRIL, BAFF, and BCMA in patients with BD in an effort to evaluate their degree of involvement in the pathogenesis and development of BD.\n                    <jats:italic>Patients and Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study included 30 male patients fulfilling the international study group criteria for the diagnosis of BD. Twenty age-matched healthy male volunteers served as control. Serum samples were used for quantification of TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , APRIL, BCMA, BAFF, and hsCRP using ELISA techniques.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The mean serum levels of TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , APRIL, BCMA, and BAFF were more elevated in cases than in controls in a statistically significant manner\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    . Positive correlation was observed between hs-CRP and BDCAF (Behcet\u2019s disease current activity forum) index (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.68,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    . None of the TNF family members tested was affected by a positive pathergy test.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Patients have significantly higher levels of TNF family members\u2019 (TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , BAFF, APRIL, and BCMA) compared to controls which might contribute to the pathogenesis of BD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/380405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,5]],"date-time":"2014-11-05T16:02:24Z","timestamp":1415203344000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Expression of TNF-\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    , April and BCMA in Behcet\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Olfat G.","family":"Shaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen O.","family":"Tawfic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira M.","family":"El-Tawdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H. 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