{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:16:10Z","timestamp":1773321370882,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this research was to compare two artificial insemination protocols (AIP): hormonal synchronization with fixed time artificial insemination (SC-FTAI) and the use of a table based on visual observation of estrus signs (VO) in order to identify cows in natural or spontaneous estrus being assigned to AI (NSE-IA). Two groups were formed: in the first group 109 cows were assigned to SC-FTAI, in which a commercial protocol is used; the second one included 108 randomly chosen cows, which were assigned to NSE-AI and in this group a modified table was used. Response variable was first service fertility rate (FSF), which was coded 1 for pregnant and 0 for empty. Predictor variables were AIP, postpartum anestrus, daily milk yield, body condition score at AI and calving number. Statistical analyses included association chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results showed an overall 41.94% FSF and a significant association was detected (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) between FSF and daily milk yield; pregnancy rates were 42.20% and 41.67% for the SC-FTAI and NSE-IA groups, respectively (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The odds ratio for the effect of AIP was only 1.050, suggesting no differences in FSF between groups. The NSE-AI protocol can enhance both the technique of VO and reproductive efficiency. Further validation of the table is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/404363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T21:17:00Z","timestamp":1409087820000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fertility in Gyr Cows (<i>Bos indicus<\/i>) with Fixed Time Artificial Insemination and Visual Estrus Detection Using a Classification Table"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Lilido Nelson","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Iglesia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Agr\u00edcolas, Biol\u00f3gicas, Educativas y Sociales (CIABES), Universidad de Los Andes-Trujillo (ULA), Avenida Medina Angarita, Casa Carmona. Apartado Postal 198, Trujillo 3150, Estado Trujillo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Mar\u00eda","family":"Roman Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, N\u00facleo Agropecuario, La Universidad del Zulia, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Goajira, Maracaibo 4001, Estado Zulia, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"D\u00edaz de Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Agr\u00edcolas, Biol\u00f3gicas, Educativas y Sociales (CIABES), Universidad de Los Andes-Trujillo (ULA), Avenida Medina Angarita, Casa Carmona. Apartado Postal 198, Trujillo 3150, Estado Trujillo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Agr\u00edcolas, Biol\u00f3gicas, Educativas y Sociales (CIABES), Universidad de Los Andes-Trujillo (ULA), Avenida Medina Angarita, Casa Carmona. 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