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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one candidate for the development of SNP for its epithelial cell trophism, hyperproliferative effect, and the induction of immune-modulatory molecules as HLA-G. We enrolled 10 patients with SNP without concomitant allergic diseases (SNP-WoAD), 10 patients with SNP and suffering from allergic diseases (SNP-WAD), and 10 control subjects who underwent rhinoplasty. We analyzed the presence of high- and low-risk HPV DNA and the expression of membrane HLA-G (mHLA-G) and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) and of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and IL-10 by polyp epithelial cells. The results showed the presence of HPV-11 in 50% of SNP-WoAD patients (OR:5.5), all characterized by a relapsing disease. HPV-11 infection was absent in nonrelapsing SNP-WoAD patients, in SNP-WAD patients and in controls, supporting the hypothesis that HPV-11 increases risk of relapsing disease. HPV-11 positive SNP-WoAD patients presented with mHLA-G and IL-10R on epithelial cells from nasal polyps and showed secretion of sHLA-G and IL-10 in culture supernatants. No HLA-G expression was observed in HPV negative polyps. These data highlight new aspects of polyposis aetiopathogenesis and suggest HPV-11 and HLA-G\/IL-10 presence as prognostic markers in the follow-up of SNP-WoAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/407430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,9]],"date-time":"2014-03-09T05:20:52Z","timestamp":1394342452000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Infection and HLA-G Molecules in Nasal Polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Malagutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Otolaryngology, St. Anna Hospital, Via A. 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