{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:17:42Z","timestamp":1779297462675,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin- (IL-) 33 is a widely expressed cytokine present in different cell types, such as epithelial, mesenchymal, and inflammatory cells, supporting a predominant role in innate immunity. IL-33 can function as a proinflammatory cytokine inducing Th2 type of immune response being involved with the defense against parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, it has been proposed that IL-33 can act as a signaling molecule alerting the immune system of danger or tissue damage. Recently, in the intestinal mucosa, overexpression of IL-33 has been reported in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This review highlights the available data regarding IL-33 in human IBD and discusses emerging roles for IL-33 as a key modulator of intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/423957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T01:08:57Z","timestamp":1393376937000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Interleukin-33 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Lessons from Human Studies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-4171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiago","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Immunology Chair, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Gregor-Mendel-Stra\u00dfe 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4774-902X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudio","family":"Bernardazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Gastroenterologia & Laborat\u00f3rio Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3647-7324","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heitor S.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Gastroenterologia & Laborat\u00f3rio Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"D\u2019Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70381-6"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2007.00310.x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i22.2715"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10209"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/608187"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.127209"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00293.x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00286.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.1.65"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.06.002"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28508"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1551"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/819467"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303920"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0245-1"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912678107"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.11.001"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21175"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100378"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301785. E"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-424226"},{"issue":"104","key":"54","first-page":"1442","volume":"57","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003331"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63631-0","volume":"163","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11410770"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.04.081"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812690106"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2009.08.009"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.05.007"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M901744200"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115884109"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.219089"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(06)74009-2"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.10.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06367.x","volume":"13","year":"1994","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"issue":"15","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.15.5708","volume":"86","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)81679-5"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6930"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2004.02.004"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0606422"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.5.787"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801898105"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24305"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8283-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2443","volume":"180","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003059107"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2011.718"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902685"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2011.238477"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-82"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000187574.41290.b1"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050530"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062144"}],"container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2014\/423957.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2014\/423957.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2014\/423957.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T20:02:09Z","timestamp":1565208129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2014\/423957\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["423957","423957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/423957","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9351","1466-1861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9351","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-1861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}