{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:18:20Z","timestamp":1761743900747,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71173051","GD10CGL07","2010A011200020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71173051","GD10CGL07","2010A011200020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eleventh Five-Year Plan Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Guangdong Province","award":["71173051","GD10CGL07","2010A011200020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71173051","GD10CGL07","2010A011200020"]}]},{"name":"High-Tech Zone Development Guide Special Projects of Guangdong Province","award":["71173051","GD10CGL07","2010A011200020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71173051","GD10CGL07","2010A011200020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The structural holes have been a key issue in fuzzy social network analysis. For undirected fuzzy social networks where edges are just present or absent undirected fuzzy relation and have no more information attached, many structural holes measures have been presented, such as key fuzzy structural holes, general fuzzy structural holes, strong fuzzy structural holes, and weak fuzzy structural holes. There has been a growing need to design structural holes measures for directed fuzzy social networks, because directed fuzzy social networks where edges are attached by directed fuzzy relation would contain rich information. In this paper, we extend structural holes theory to directed fuzzy social network and propose the algorithm of unidirectional fuzzy structural holes and bidirectional fuzzy structural holes, which unveil more structural information of directed fuzzy social networks. Furthermore, we investigate the validness of the algorithm by illustrating this method to a case called<jats:italic>G-Y Research Team<\/jats:italic>and obtain reliable results, which provide strong evidences of the new measure\u2019s utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/452063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T01:09:19Z","timestamp":1393376959000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Structural Holes in Directed Fuzzy Social Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Renjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 161 Yinglong Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 161 Yinglong Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2007.01.006"},{"year":"1974","key":"2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094546"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/227093"},{"issue":"6","key":"5","first-page":"1360","volume":"78","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"year":"1992","key":"6"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206305284550"},{"issue":"1","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.esr.a036322","volume":"10","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Sociological Review"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(02)00018-7"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421787"},{"issue":"2","key":"11","first-page":"810","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ecologica Sinica"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2009.11.002"},{"issue":"9","key":"13","first-page":"1407","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"Studies in Science of Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"14","first-page":"76","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science & Technology Progress and Policy"},{"year":"2011","key":"15"},{"issue":"3","key":"17","first-page":"46","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Guangdong University of Technology (Social Science Edition)"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.07.007"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hitech.2012.05.001"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.01.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"22","first-page":"169","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuzzy Systems and Mathematics"},{"key":"23","first-page":"457","volume":"211","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuzzy Information & Engineering and Operations Research & Management, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"24","first-page":"900","volume":"43","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"25","first-page":"338","volume":"8","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Computation"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(76)80001-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/452063.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/452063.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/452063.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T04:36:44Z","timestamp":1498106204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/452063\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["452063","452063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/452063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1110-757X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-0042"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}