{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:26:57Z","timestamp":1771000017678,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is presented with axial and peripheral articular involvement. Uveitis is a severe and rather specific manifestation of AS. Biologics targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>are effective on both articular and ocular manifestations of disease. The occurrence of uveitis in patients that never had eye involvement or the relapse of uveitis is described during anti-TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>treatment. The frequency of these events is slightly higher during therapy with etanercept. The available TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>blockers show different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics yielding different biological effects. There is an ongoing debate whether uveitis during anti-TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>has to be considered as paradoxical effect or an inadequate response to therapy. Here, we present a case report and review what the evidences for the two hypotheses are.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/471319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T17:05:47Z","timestamp":1401901547000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Inefficacy or Paradoxical Effect? Uveitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Etanercept"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-7260","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernd","family":"Raffeiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, General Hospital of Bolzano, Lorenz Boehler Street No. 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ometto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3743-4905","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Livio","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costantino","family":"Botsios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Punzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1","first-page":"1","volume":"18","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","first-page":"iii8","volume":"61","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.06.006"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.075754"},{"issue":"5","key":"6","first-page":"742","volume":"52","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0267-1"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319509"},{"key":"10","first-page":"1277","volume":"30","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.84","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.198"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273941003587558"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0097"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092585"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.052092"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.103192"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22918"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.05.005"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90144-9"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.01.006"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.04.003"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283524b82"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crim\/2014\/471319.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crim\/2014\/471319.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crim\/2014\/471319.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,11]],"date-time":"2019-08-11T04:03:08Z","timestamp":1565496188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crim\/2014\/471319\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["471319","471319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/471319","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9627","1687-9635"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9627","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9635","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}