{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:22:04Z","timestamp":1791105724882,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parkinson's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the commonly occurring nonmotor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease (IPD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP). We aimed to review current evidences on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OH in patients with IPD and AP. Major electronic medical databases were assessed including PubMed\/MEDLINE and Embase up to February 2013. English-written original or review articles with keywords such as \u201c<jats:italic>Parkinson\u2019s disease<\/jats:italic>,\u201d \u201c<jats:italic>atypical parkinsonism<\/jats:italic>,\u201d and \u201c<jats:italic>orthostatic hypotension<\/jats:italic>\u201d were searched for relevant evidences. We addressed different issues such as OH definition, epidemiologic characteristics, pathophysiology, testing and diagnosis, risk factors for symptomatic OH, OH as an early sign of IPD, prognosis, and treatment options of OH in parkinsonian syndromes. Symptomatic OH is present in up to 30% of IPD, 80% of multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 27% of other AP patients. OH may herald the onset of PD before cardinal motor symptoms and our review emphasises the importance of its timely diagnosis (even as one preclinical marker) and multifactorial treatment, starting with patient education and lifestyle approach. Advancing age, male sex, disease severity, and duration and subtype of motor symptoms are predisposing factors. OH increases the risk of falls, which affects the quality of life in PD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/475854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,2]],"date-time":"2014-02-02T21:02:25Z","timestamp":1391374945000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-9351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed-Mohammad","family":"Fereshtehnejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Novum 5th Floor, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 15937-48711, 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