{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:14:40Z","timestamp":1772324080547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISRN Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. With many preterm babies now surviving as a result of improvement in neonatal care in Nigeria, the incidence of visual impairment\/blindness as a result of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may rise. We describe our findings after screening starts for the first time in a 15-year-old special care baby unit so as to establish the incidence and risk factors for developing ROP.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A prospective study carried out at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) and Pediatric Outpatient Clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between January 1 and October 31, 2012. Fifty-three preterm babies (of 550 neonates admitted within the study period) delivered before 32 completed weeks and weighing less than 1500\u2009g were included in the study following informed consent and the main outcome measure was the development of any stage of ROP.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Mean gestational age at birth was<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">28.98<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.38<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>weeks. Mean birth weight was<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1411<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1<\/mml:mn><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009g. Out of 550 babies admitted at SCBU, 87 of 100 preterms survived with 53 included in study. Twenty-five (47.2%) had different degrees of ROP with prevalence found to be 47.2%. Prevalence was higher (75%) in babies weighing<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>1300\u2009g and those delivered before 30-week gestation (58%). Twenty-one (84%) had stage 1 no plus disease and 3 (12%) had stage 2 no plus disease. Only 1 (4%) had threshold disease in Zone 1. None had disease at stage 4 or 5 or AP-ROP. Receiving supplemental oxygen (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>6.17<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), presence of sepsis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>7.47<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.006<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), multiple blood transfusions (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>5.11<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and delivery by caesarian section (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>4.22<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.04<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) were significantly associated with development of ROP. There were no significant differences with gender, apneic spells, jaundice, or phototherapy.<jats:italic>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:italic>. All live infants with ROP were noted to regress spontaneously in this study. Though it may not be cost effective to acquire treatment facilities at the moment (the only child with treatable disease died), facilities for screening preterm infants displaying high risk features may be essential as smaller babies are saved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/481527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T21:02:29Z","timestamp":1391547749000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Retinopathy of Prematurity in Port Harcourt, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Adedayo O.","family":"Adio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary O.","family":"Ugwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chidi G.","family":"Nwokocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusta U.","family":"Eneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","first-page":"227","volume":"79","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"2","first-page":"6588","volume-title":"Disorders of the eyes","year":"2003"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1951.tb109040.x","volume":"2","year":"1951","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"10","key":"4","first-page":"1151","volume":"63","year":"1988","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030908011"},{"key":"6","first-page":"233","volume":"6, part 3","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"7","first-page":"1691","volume":"87","year":"1997","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.137588"},{"issue":"3","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90356-7","volume":"94","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-199906000-00001"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","first-page":"61","volume":"31","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(96)01747-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.6.958","volume":"83","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1847"},{"issue":"1","key":"16","first-page":"23","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060130517027","volume":"106","year":"1988","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(70)80038-5","volume":"77","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"89","volume":"51","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"21","first-page":"233","volume":"102","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(42)92088-9","volume":"25","year":"1942","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.6.924","volume":"67","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.97927","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.131813","volume":"92","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.3.e26","volume":"104","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.8.933"},{"issue":"5","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.5.420","volume":"80","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"29","first-page":"F145","volume":"82","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837276"},{"issue":"2","key":"31","first-page":"290","volume":"37","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1981.tb05736.x","volume":"70","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"6","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.68.6.770","volume":"68","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"34","volume-title":"Effects of blood transfusion on retinopathy of prematurity","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V34N2p169","volume":"34","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00091.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000027482","volume":"214","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1309"},{"issue":"11","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32074-8","volume":"98","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090190051021","volume":"112","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["ISRN Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2014\/481527.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2014\/481527.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2014\/481527.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T23:25:22Z","timestamp":1716506722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/isrn\/2014\/481527\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["481527","481527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/481527","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-5696"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-5696","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]}}}