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A comparative analysis was made of serum concentrations of these cytokines in the peripheral blood of 33 patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The isolates were identified as<jats:italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>L. naiffi<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>. Most (64%) of the patients were male ranging in age from 18 to 58 years. Protein expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-17 cytokines were shown to vary significantly between infected and noninfected (control group) individuals and according to the<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species. Infection caused by<jats:italic>L. guyanensis<\/jats:italic>accounted for 73% of the cases and patients with this parasite also showed higher concentrations of IL-2, IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, IL-4, and IL-17 when compared to infection by<jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>. Patients with infection caused by<jats:italic>L. naiffi<\/jats:italic>showed higher concentration of the cytokines analyzed when compared to uninfected patients; however, there was no statistically significant difference with the other species analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/481750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T21:02:35Z","timestamp":1410469355000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Role of Inflammatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regulatory Cytokines in Patients Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Amazonas State, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Tha\u00eds Tibery","family":"Espir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Pesquisas em Sociedade, Ambiente e Sa\u00fade, CSAS, Laborat\u00f3rio de Leishmaniose e Doen\u00e7a de Chagas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia (INPA), 69060-001BR, Avenida Andr\u00e9 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