{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:48:39Z","timestamp":1758862119000},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>. Microalbuminuria has been clinically used for noninvasive evaluation of renal dysfunctions. However, it is a nonspecific marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This study was conducted from March 2012 to April 2013 at Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC). In this study, urinary osteopontin, podocytes number, and levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) were determined in 60 patients (diabetic normoalbuminuria, diabetic microalbuminuria, and nephritic syndrome) compared with healthy subjects.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. It was found that in diabetic microalbuminuria patients have a highly significant increase in urinary IgM, osteopontin, and podocyte levels as compared to other groups. Nephrotic syndrome patients showed a moderate significant elevation of these parameters compared to control subjects. At a given specificity of 97%, podocytes yielded the highest sensitivity of all markers, 95.5%. The sensitivity was considerably higher compared to IgM and osteopontin. Podocyte number was positively correlated with serum IgM and osteopontin (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.63<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>and 0.56), respectively. Its cutoff corresponding to the 10% coefficient of variation was most appropriate for early diagnosis of DN.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Monitoring urinary podocyte may provide a noninvasive tool that is a sensitive, accurate, and specific biomarker of glomerular injury and can be used in combination with osteopontin and IgM to more reliably detect and monitor prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/493736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,4]],"date-time":"2014-05-04T21:06:40Z","timestamp":1399237600000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessment of Urinary Osteopontin in Association with Podocyte for Early Predication of Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman L.","family":"Al-Malki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03437.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP59252"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1063"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401371"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00443.2011"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00108.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1987.50"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.12.2969"},{"key":"9a","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"9b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2005.01.008"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000081663.52165.66"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117501"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319490"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-70"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.463"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80057-X"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7962"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.1111"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(00)00064-7"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2012.06.006","volume":"26","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1176"},{"issue":"2","key":"25","first-page":"208","volume":"29","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.04.001"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1998)12:6<378::AID-JCLA8>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"12","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.007"}],"container-title":["Disease Markers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2014\/493736.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2014\/493736.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2014\/493736.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T12:37:41Z","timestamp":1498135061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2014\/493736\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["493736","493736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/493736","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-0240","1875-8630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-0240","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}