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The current study aims to investigate the protective effects of CMCS against liver fibrosis and to exploit its active antifibrotic substances <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. For evaluating the antifibrotic effect of CMCS and ergosterol, male C57BL\/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) and treated with CMCS (120\u2009mg\/kg\/d) or ergosterol (50\u2009mg\/kg\/d). Four weeks later, serum liver function, hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, liver inflammation, collagen deposition, and expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010SMA) in liver tissue were evaluated. Besides, toxicological effects of active compounds of CMCS on hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were detected and expressions of permeability of the lysosomal membrane, EdU, F\u2010actin, and <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010SMA of activated HSCs were analyzed to screen the antifibrotic substance in CMCS <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Our results showed that CMCS could significantly alleviate levels of serum liver functions, attenuate hepatic inflammation, decrease collagen deposition, and relieve levels of <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010SMA in liver, respectively. Ergosterol, the active compound in CMCS that was detected by HPLC, played a dose\u2010dependent inhibition role on activated HSCs via upregulating expressions of permeability of the lysosomal membrane and downregulating levels of EdU, F\u2010actin, and <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010SMA on activated HSCs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, ergosterol revealed the antifibrotic effect alike <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In conclusion, CMCS is effective in alleviating liver fibrosis induced by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and ergosterol might be the efficacious antifibrotic substance in CMCS <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/537234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T21:08:59Z","timestamp":1413407339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ergosterol Is the Active Compound of Cultured Mycelium <i>Cordyceps sinensis<\/i> on Antiliver Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(88)90215-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200524282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.24.8681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201840109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Chemical component comparison between Cordyceps sinensis and Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis","volume":"21","author":"Shen Xiaoyun L. 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