{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:40:12Z","timestamp":1791312012504,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Emergence and spread of pandemic strains of<jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>have drawn attention to make detailed study on their genomes. The pathogenicity of<jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>has been associated with thermostable-direct hemolysin (TDH) and\/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). The present study evaluated characteristics of<jats:italic>tdh<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>trh<\/jats:italic>genes, considering the phylogenetic and<jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>functional features of<jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>and other bacteria. Fifty-two<jats:italic>tdh<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>trh<\/jats:italic>genes submitted to the GenBank were analyzed for sequence similarity. The promoter sequences of these genes were also analyzed from transcription start point to \u221235 regions and correlated with amino acid substitution within the coding regions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that<jats:italic>tdh<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>trh<\/jats:italic>are highly distinct and also differ within the<jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>strains that were isolated from different geographical regions. Promoter sequence analysis revealed nucleotide substitutions and deletions at \u221218 and \u221219 positions among the pandemic, prepandemic, and nonpandemic<jats:italic>tdh<\/jats:italic>sequences. Many amino acid substitutions were also found within the signal peptide and also in the matured protein region of several TDH proteins as compared to TDH-S protein of pandemic<jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>. Experimental evidences are needed to recognize the importance of substitutions and deletions in the<jats:italic>tdh<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>trh<\/jats:italic>genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/576528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,8]],"date-time":"2014-07-08T22:14:26Z","timestamp":1404857666000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phylogenetic and<i>In Silico<\/i>Functional Analyses of Thermostable-Direct Hemolysin and<i>tdh<\/i>-Related Encoding Genes in<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/i>and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Sushanta K.","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gururaja P.","family":"Pazhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thandavarayan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-06"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055726"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.11.002"},{"issue":"5","key":"4","first-page":"351","volume":"52","year":"1993","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.13.1.163-171.1976","volume":"13","year":"1976","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.28.2.567-576.1980","volume":"28","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3180-3185.2000"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.09.012","volume":"76","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.4.961-965.1988","volume":"56","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00266-09"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6401-6406.2004"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03792-12"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02095-05"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.024919-0"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6659-6665.2004"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01293-07"},{"issue":"6","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.6.2093-2099.1995","volume":"63","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01072.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"issue":"3","key":"20","first-page":"164","volume":"69","year":"2010","journal-title":"Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-038"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02017.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(90)90129-F"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-294"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12659-1"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4672-4678.2004"},{"issue":"8","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.8.1965-1971.1997","volume":"35","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.52.5.1218-1220.1986","volume":"52","year":"1986","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00832-12"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01194-10"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-302"},{"issue":"12","key":"32","first-page":"1364","volume":"48","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(92)90046-Q"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)00139-Y"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.074526"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.5.1849-1855.2005"},{"issue":"9","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.9.2691-2697.1989","volume":"57","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.58.8.2449-2457.1992","volume":"58","year":"1992","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.00990.x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.5.1405"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00023-12"},{"issue":"16","key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5036","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.16.5036-5046.1991","volume":"173","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/576528.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/576528.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/576528.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T17:04:02Z","timestamp":1649610242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/576528\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["576528","576528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/576528","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}