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While high levels of CD3+ cells in grafts can contribute to GVHD, they also promote the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect. Infusions of extra lymphocytes from the original stem cell donor can be used as a treatment after transplantation for relapse or poor immune reconstitution but also they increase the risk for GVHD. In peripheral blood, 95% of T-cells express the<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>T-cell receptor and the remaining T-cells express the<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b4<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>T-cell receptor. As<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>T-cells are the primary mediators of GVHD, depleting them from the graft should reduce this risk. In this pilot study, five patients transplanted with HLA-matched related and unrelated donors were treated with<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>T-cell depleted stem cell boosts. The majority of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b4<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>T-cells in the grafts expressed<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mtext mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mtext><mml:mi>\u03b4<\/mml:mi><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>and\/or<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mtext mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mtext><mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>. Most patients receiving<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>-depleted stem cell boosts increased their levels of white blood cells, platelets, and\/or granulocytes 30 days after infusion. No signs of GVHD or other side effects were detected. A larger pool of patients with longer follow-up time is needed to confirm the data in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/578741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T21:02:55Z","timestamp":1413234175000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Alpha\/Beta T-Cell Depleted Grafts as an Immunological Booster to Treat Graft Failure after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with HLA-Matched Related and Unrelated Donors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"R\u00e5destad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wikell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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