{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:44:43Z","timestamp":1760708683648,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","award":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"]}]},{"name":"Academic Climbing Project for Young and Middle-aged Leading Academic in the Universities of Zhejiang Province","award":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010246","name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71101132","13ZJQN029YB","PD2013275","2013M540448","1302139C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The grey prediction model with convolution integral GMC (1,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>) is a multiple grey model with exact solutions. To further improve prediction accuracy and describe better the relationship between cause and effect, we introduce nonlinear parameters into GMC (1,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>) model and additionally apply a convolution integral to produce an improved forecasting model here designated as NGMC (1,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>). The model solving process applied the least-squares method to evaluate the structure parameters of the model: convolution was used to obtain an exact solution with this improved grey model. The nonlinear optimisation took the parameters as the decision variables with the objective of minimising forecasting errors. The GMC (1, 2) and NGMC (1, 2) models were used to predict China\u2019s industrial SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>emissions from the basis of the economic output level as the influencing factor. Results indicated that NGMC (1, 2) can effectively describe the nonlinear relationship between China\u2019s economic output and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>emissions with an improved accuracy over current GMC (1, 2) models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/580161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T03:16:23Z","timestamp":1395803783000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nonlinear Grey Prediction Model with Convolution Integral NGMC<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>and Its Application to the Forecasting of China\u2019s Industrial SO<sub>2<\/sub>Emissions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Zheng-Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics & International Trade, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China"},{"name":"College of Economics & Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X"},{"year":"2002","key":"2"},{"year":"2004","key":"3"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2011.10.055"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2007.04.080"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2008.01.011"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2011.10.003"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2011.07.007"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.11.004"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.11.015"},{"key":"11","first-page":"129","volume":"22","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Grey System"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/16\/6\/013"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2004.10.087"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.02.037"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2008.11.012"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2007.10.002"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2011.08.029"},{"key":"18","first-page":"134","volume":"29","year":"2010","journal-title":"Industrial Technology Economy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/580161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/580161.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/580161.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T05:45:57Z","timestamp":1569217557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/580161\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["580161","580161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/580161","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1110-757X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-0042"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}